NURS444 Assignment II. PICOT and Database Assignment Guidelines

NURS444 Assignment II. PICOT and Database Assignment Guidelines

PICOT and Database

In today’s healthcare, the ability to conduct an effective research is crucial. To do so, nurses must develop basic skills in computerized database search methods and summarizing and synthesizing research findings. One key research element is formulating an answerable question using the PICOT framework. The PICOT question is essential as it contains all the appropriate elements for finding an evidence-based solution. The essay focuses on providing nurses with foundational knowledge on conducting effective research in a clinical setting using PICOT questions and appropriate database search methods. Specifically, the essay will examine a PICOT question related to families of children with autism spectrum disorder and how a holistic approach to family health affects parental resolution and acceptance of the child’s autism diagnosis, financial burden, intrafamilial conflict, mental health problems, and community-related issues.

PICOT Question

In families of children with autism spectrum disorder (P), how does the provision of a holistic approach to family health, including improved attunement and insightfulness in the parent-child relationship and access to support and resources (I), compared to traditional approaches and no intervention (C), affect parental resolution and acceptance of the child’s autism diagnosis, financial burden, intrafamilial conflict, mental health problems, and community-related issues (O)? Additionally, what factors and processes contribute to the perceived improvements in family health within six months (T)?

Summary of Database Searches

A set of relevant keywords and phrases were identified to conduct a systematic database search for the PICOT question. These included terms such as “autism,” “parent-child relationship,” “attunement,” “insightfulness,” “diagnosis,” and “parental resolution.” To refine the search results, various Boolean operators, including “AND,” “OR,” and “NOT,” as well as set limits such as language, type of research, and date range, were utilized. The search strategy was executed in multiple databases, including PubMed, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Ultimately, a total of 23 articles were retrieved. Upon reviewing these articles’ titles, abstracts, and full texts, three relevant pieces of literature were identified for the study.

To summarize the research on the PICOT question, three articles were selected based on their relevance. The first article, by Naicker et al. (2023), presents a systematic review of factors associated with parental resolution of a child’s autism diagnosis. The second article, by Rfat et al. (2023), is a qualitative research study that explores parenting challenges in families of children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder in Istanbul. Finally, the third article, by Smith and McQuade (2021), examines the health of families with a child with autism. Together, these three articles offer valuable insights into the experiences of families with children on the autism spectrum and their challenges.

Summary of Articles

The first article is a systematic review conducted by Naicker et al. (2023) that aims to identify factors that affect parental acceptance and resolution of a child’s autism diagnosis, focusing on the parent-child relationship. The study followed PRISMA guidelines and included 592 participants from 14 peer-reviewed studies between 2017 and 2022. The study found six factors influencing parental resolution and acceptance: symptom severity, religion, belief, and culture, knowledge and uncertainty, negative emotions, positive emotions, and support. The study also found that improved attunement and insightfulness in the parent-child relationship are associated with greater resolution. The review was limited by the small number of studies meeting inclusion criteria and the mixed quality of included studies. While the type of quantitative study and sample process used was not specified, the study’s intended population was parents of children diagnosed with autism.

The second article by Rfat et al. (2023), “Parenting challenges in families of children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: A qualitative research study in Istanbul,” examines the difficulties experienced by families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Istanbul, Turkey. The study uses qualitative research to gain insights into caregivers’ experiences. The research includes ten families whose children attend special education schools in Istanbul’s Bağcılar and Bahçelievler districts. The study utilizes a phenomenological approach to identify themes from the data collected. The study results reveal that parents of children with ASD in Turkey face various challenges, including financial burden, intrafamilial conflict, mental health problems, and community-related issues. The study sheds light on the unique difficulties faced by families of children with ASD in Istanbul, Turkey, and highlights the need for support and resources to help families cope with these challenges.

The third article by Smith and McQuade (2021) aims to examine how families with a child with autism perceive and experience their family health and to identify the factors and processes that contribute to their health. The study utilized semi-structured interviews with 16 families who have a child with autism aged 2-17, which included 16 mothers, 8 fathers, and 32 children (18 with autism). The interviews were conducted in person, and researchers used inductive content analysis to generate results. The study’s findings revealed that families of children with autism experience family health as a journey grounded within family identity and marked by five themes: connection, balance, the centralization of autism, stress, and support systems. The study emphasizes the importance of considering the holistic perspective of family health for families raising a child with autism. It also provides relevant considerations for service providers supporting children with autism and their families. This qualitative research study provides valuable insights into families’ experiences with a child with autism. It highlights the need for a more comprehensive approach to supporting the health and well-being of these families.

Syntheses of Articles

The three articles selected for the PICOT question provide insights into the challenges and experiences of families with children on the autism spectrum. Naicker et al. (2023) conducted a systematic review. They found that improved attunement and insightfulness in the parent-child relationship are associated with greater resolution and acceptance of the child’s autism diagnosis. Meanwhile, Rfat et al. (2023) utilized a qualitative research method to identify the difficulties experienced by families of children with an autism spectrum disorder in Istanbul, Turkey, including financial burden, intrafamilial conflict, mental health problems, and community-related issues. Finally, Smith and McQuade (2021) examined the perceptions and experiences of family health among families with a child with autism and found that family health is a journey marked by themes such as connection, balance, centralization of autism, stress, and support systems.

The findings of the three articles are in agreement in highlighting the importance of providing support and resources to families of children with an autism spectrum disorder. They also emphasize the need for a more holistic approach to family health that considers the parent-child relationship, financial burden, intrafamilial conflict, mental health problems, and community-related issues. Additionally, the articles demonstrate the importance of understanding the unique experiences and challenges faced by families of children with autism and highlight the need for service providers to consider the holistic perspective of family health in supporting these families. While the articles utilize different research methods and focus on different aspects of the PICOT question, they collectively provide valuable insights into the challenges and experiences of families with children on the autism spectrum.

Conclusion

Effective research skills are essential for nurses in today’s healthcare industry. Using the PICOT framework for formulating research questions is crucial as it includes all the necessary elements for finding evidence-based solutions. The PICOT question examined in this essay was related to families of children with autism spectrum disorder and the impact of a holistic approach to family health on parental resolution and acceptance of the child’s diagnosis, financial burden, intrafamilial conflict, mental health problems, and community-related issues. The systematic database search yielded three relevant articles, which provided valuable insights into the experiences of families with children on the autism spectrum and the challenges they face. The articles highlighted the importance of improved attunement and insightfulness in the parent-child relationship and the need for support and resources to help families cope with the challenges associated with a child’s diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. The articles emphasize the need for a more comprehensive approach to supporting the health and well-being of families with a child with autism.

Appendix A

Databases Searched and Search Outcomes

 Appendix B

Table of Summarized Literature

 References

Naicker, V. V., Bury, S. M., & Hedley, D. (2023). Factors associated with parental resolution of a child’s autism diagnosis: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1079371

Rfat, M., Koçak, O., & Uzun, B. (2023). Parenting challenges in families of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder: A qualitative research study in Istanbul. Global Social Welfare. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40609-023-00270-1

Smith, S. L., & McQuade, H. B. (2021). Exploring the health of families with a child with autism. Autism, 136236132098635. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361320986354

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NURS444 Assignment II. PICOT and Database Assignment Guidelines

 Purpose: The purpose of this assignment is to develop basic skills in computerized database search methods and in summarizing and synthesizing findings of research.

This assignment supports the following course outcomes:

• Analyze the inter-relationships between theory, practice, and research to support holistic nursing
• Apply skills in computerized data base search methods including the evaluation of source credibility to a clinical question.

Assignment: This assignment comprises 40 points (approximately 19% of your grade).

1. After completion of module 10, and using a PICOT question developed through the discussion in module 2, conduct a database search. Use at least three databases to locate scholarly articles (these may be primary studies, systematic reviews and/or practice guidelines) that address your PICOT Make sure you save your search strategies.
2. Write a 4 – 6 page paper (not including title page, references or tables) that includes:
   1. The PICOT(s) question
   2. The database search process (summarize in text; details in table).
   3. A summary of three articles

For each article write a 1 – 3 paragraph synopsis of each study including:

3. Why – How – What
   1. For “Why”: Identify the purpose of the study, review, or guideline
   2. For “How” explicitly include the type of study (Meta-analysis/Systematic Reviews, RCT/Experimental, Correlational, Case Study), the sample, the intended population, the measures used in relationship to your PICOT question
      1. For a single research study indicate if the study was quantitative or qualitative, and if quantitative, what type of quantitative study; sample process and type of sampling used
      2. If a review, indicate the type of review; indicate how many studies reviewed and types of studies reviewed.
      3. If guideline, indicate the organization(s) publishing the guideline; indicate how many studies reviewed and types of studies reviewed.
      4. Population
   3. For “What” identify the key findings in relation to your PICOT question, if the findings were statistically significant, and key limitations in relationship to your PICOT question (as discussed by the authors). For students who use qualitative studies, rather than “statistical significance, you will need to address the methods the author used to support findings.
4. A one – two paragraph synthesis of the summarized articles as they relate to your PICOT question. Indicate if all the findings are in agreement or if there are differences noted in the findings.
5. Attachments: Complete the two attached worksheets and include them as appendices to the paper.
6. Database search worksheet
7. Table of literature

4. This is an APA paper, include:
   1. Title page with running head
   2. Page numbers
   3. Headings and subheadings
   4. Correct fonts, spacing, and margins
   5. Appendix of search strategies
   6. Appendix of table of literature reviewed
   7. Citations and a reference list.

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Grading Rubric

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PICOT question

Appendix A

 Databases Searched and Search Outcomes

Database                         Search terms and Boolean operators

Limits (e.g., language, type of research;

Number of articles found

Name of article kept for summary

                                                                                    dates)                                                                                  

Appendix B

 Table of Summarized Literature

Author(s) Journal or source and date

Question(s) or hypothesis(es) related to your PICOT question; and variables (if primary research)

Design, sample, setting (if review article, number of studies reviewed and design of studies; if a guideline, population the guideline addresses and the organization writing the guideline)

Findings (related to your PICOT question)

Notes