Global Issues

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Global Issues An Introduction

FIFTH EDITION

Kristen A. Hite and John L. Seitz

This fifth edition first published 2016 © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

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Cover image: © Martin Barraud / Getty Images

To those who serve the needs of others – humans, animals, and plants, all essential parts of our lovely but endangered planet

Contents Acknowledgments Foreword Introduction

The Creation of Global Issues Developing toward What? Notes

Chapter 1 Population The Changing Population of the World Causes of the Population Explosion How Population Growth Affects Development How Development Affects Population Growth Governmental Population Policies The Future Conclusions Notes Further Reading

Chapter 2 Wealth and Poverty Wave of Hope: The Millennium Development Goals A Pessimistic View: The Persistence of Poverty Development Assistance and Foreign Aid A Market Approach The State as Economic Actor A Blended Approach Geography and Wealth, Geography and Poverty Globalization Conclusions Notes Further Reading

Chapter 3 Food World Food Production How Many Are Hungry?

Causes of World Hunger How Food Affects Development How Development Affects Food The “Green” Revolution Governmental Food Policies Future Food Supplies Conclusions Notes Further Reading

Chapter 4 Energy The Energy-Climate Crisis Government Responses to the Energy-Climate Crisis The Effect of the Energy-Climate Crisis on Countries’ Development Plans The Relationship between Energy Use and Development The Energy Transition Nuclear Power: A Case Study Conclusions Notes Further Reading

Chapter 5 Climate Change The Evidence and Impacts Uncertainties What Is Being Done at Present? What More Can Be Done? Conclusion Notes Further Reading

Chapter 6 The Environment: Part I The Awakening The Air The Water The Land The Extinction of Species The Extinction of Cultures

Notes Chapter 7 The Environment: Part II

The Workplace and the Home Managing Waste Responsible Use Environmental Politics Overdevelopment Conclusions Notes Further Reading

Chapter 8 Technology Benefits of Technology Unanticipated Consequences of the Use of Technology Inappropriate Uses of Technology Limits to the “Technological Fix” War The Threat of Nuclear Weapons: A Case Study Conclusions Notes Further Reading

Chapter 9 Alternative Futures Development Pathways: Evaluating Our Current Situation Current Outlook: Business as Usual Collapse and Sustainable Development Choices Governance: Deciding How to Act on the Choices We Make Conclusion Notes Further Reading

Appendix 1 Studying and Teaching Global Issues For the Student For the Teacher Notes

Appendix 2 Relevant Videos

Appendix 3 Relevant Internet Websites Appendix 4 The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Glossary Index EULA

List of Tables Chapter 1

Table 1.1

Table 1.2

Table 1.3

Chapter 2

Table 2.1

Chapter 3

Table 3.1

Table 3.2

Chapter 4

Table 4.1

Table 4.2

Table 4.3

List of Illustrations Chapter 1

Figure 1.1 Population growth from 8000 BCE to 2011 CE

Figure 1.2 Economic differences in population growth, 1950–2050 (projected)

Figure 1.3 World population projections to 2050: three scenarios

Figure 1.4 Population by age and sex in different groups of countries, 2010 (projected) Source: UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision (2009).

Figure 1.5 Urban and rural population by development group, 1950–2050

Plate 1.1 Rural migrants often settle in urban slums in developing nations

Plate 1.2 Growing cities in less developed nations often have a mixture of modern and substandard housing

Plate 1.3 Children take care of children in many poorer countries, as this girl is doing in Mexico

Figure 1.6 The classic stages of demographic transitions

Figure 1.7 Demographic transition in Sweden and Mexico

Figure 1.8 Fertility decline in world regions, 1950–1955, 2000–2005

Plate 1.4 Breast-feeding can delay a woman’s ability to conceive and provides the most healthful food for a baby

Plate 1.5 Advertisement for contraceptives in Costa Rica