ANP 652 Topic12 Discussion 1 Essay
ANP 652 Topic12 Discussion 1 Essay
ANP 652 Topic12 Discussion 1 Essay
DQ Question
Pulmonary fibrosis is a common restrictive lung disease. It occurs due to excessive wound healing. Once lung injury occurs, an inflammatory process begins tissue repair. The inflammation continues beyond normal healing time, causing fibrosis and scarring. These changes thicken alveolar tissues, making gas exchange difficult (Mei et al., 2022). The typical patient with Pulmonary fibrosis is an older adult with a history of cigarette smoking or chronic exposure to inhalation irritants like dust, metal particles, organic chemicals, wood fires, or exposure to the drug amiodarone.
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Pulmonary fibrosis has a slow onset, with early symptoms of mild dyspnea on exertion. Pulmonary function tests reveal decreased FVC. As the fibrosis progresses, the patient becomes more dyspneic, and hypoxemia becomes severe. Eventually, a patient usually needs high levels of oxygen and often is still hypoxemic. Respirations are rapid and shallow. The expected acid-base derangement is Respiratory alkalosis caused by hyperventilation from rapid and shallow respirations (Sgalla et al., 2018). This leads to hypocapnea and the resultant Carbonic acid deficit. Diagnosis of Pulmonary fibrosis requires High-resolution CT (HRCT) and, in some cases surgical lung biopsy. Laboratory testing plays a minimal role in diagnosis.
Pharmacological treatment includes Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressants, which are the mainstays of therapy. Immunosuppressant drugs include cytotoxic drugs like cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, chlorambucil, and methotrexate. Initiating drug therapy early is crucial, even though not all patients respond to therapy. In addition, lung transplantation is used as a curative therapy (Sgalla et al., 2018). It is usually successful for otherwise healthy pulmonary fibrosis patients, generally those below 65 years. Non-pharmacological measures include oxygen and pulmonary rehabilitation. Home oxygen is needed by the time a patient becomes symptomatic because significant fibrosis has already occurred. Environmental interventions include encouraging patients to avoid respiratory irritants, crowds, and other persons with known infections.
References
Mei, Q., Liu, Z., Zuo, H., Yang, Z., & Qu, J. (2022). Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an update on pathogenesis. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 4138. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.797292
Sgalla, G., Iovene, B., Calvello, M., Ori, M., Varone, F., & Richeldi, L. (2018). Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: pathogenesis and management. Respiratory research, 19, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-018-0730-2
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please answer DQ in full thank you minimum 250 words thanks
You are an AGACNP practicing as a hospitalist nurse practitioner in a 200-bed community hospital. You have pulmonology and critical care consultant teams available, as well as a 15-bed critical care unit. You are tasked with admitting a patient with a chief complaint of a complex acute, critical, and chronic pulmonology state.
Summarize the pathology, etiology, modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors, pertinent signs and symptoms, anticipated acid-base derangements, diagnostics, treatment regimens to include both pharmacological and nonpharmacological, and nutritional and environmental interventions for one of the following. Try not to post duplicate posts on the same subject. Support your summary and recommendations plan with a minimum of two APRN-approved scholarly resources.
Acute and Chronic Lung Failure
Obstructive Lung Disease
Restrictive Lung Disease
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Drug-Induced Pulmonary Toxicities
Pneumonia
Viral, Fungal, and Bacterial Infections of the Lung, including TB, Mycoplasma Infections, and Bronchiectasis
