NURS-FPX4020 : Improvement Plan Tool Kit Assessment 4 Paper

NURS-FPX4020 : Improvement Plan Tool Kit Assessment 4 Paper

NURS-FPX4020 : Improvement Plan Tool Kit Assessment 4 Paper

Improvement Plan Tool Kit
Medication Administration Errors (MAEs) have been identified as a major threat to patient safety in the hospital, especially in the inpatient medical units. The MAEs in the medical unit have significantly affected patients due to resultant adverse drug events (ADEs), which lead to prolonged hospital stays, morbidity, mortality, and increased medical costs. The proposed safety improvement is a self-reporting program for MAEs. Reporting of MAEs will promote the implementation of appropriate medical interventions to mitigate the effects of the error. The purpose of this assignment is to present an autobiography of scholarly resources to guide in implementing the proposed plan. The resources will help implement the plan in three themes: Common Medication Errors that should be Reported, Barriers to Self-Reporting, and Implementing MAE Reporting.

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Annotated Bibliography
Common Medication Errors that Should be Reported
Wondmieneh, A., Alemu, W., Tadele, N., & Demis, A. (2020). Medication administration errors and contributing factors among nurses: a cross-sectional study in tertiary hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Nursing, 19, 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-020-0397-0
The article evaluates the magnitude and factors contributing to MAEs among nurses in tertiary care hospitals. It identifies causative factors such as inadequate training, lack of medication administration guidelines, inadequate work experience, and interruption during drug administration. The article can help identify the probable causes of MAEs in the organization and guide the implementation team in addressing them. The resource is valuable in reducing MAEs since it recommends providing continuous training on safe medication administration, developing and availing a medication administration guideline, and creating an enabling environment for nurses to administer medication safely. Therefore, it can be applied when identifying actions to take when there is an increased number of reported MAEs.
Yousef, A. M., Abu-Farha, R. K., & Abu-Hammour, K. M. (2021). Detection of medication administration errors at a tertiary hospital using a direct observation approach. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 17(3), 433–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.08.015
The study examines the prevalence, types, and severity of MAEs and the factors linked with the incidence of MAEs. It identifies that adherence errors are the most frequent MAEs, followed by incorrect drug preparation, and MAEs occur more frequently in non-intravenous administration. The resource can help nurses identify how they are likely to perpetrate MAEs and in what types of medication administration. The article can help reduce MAEs by recommending continuous awareness and education campaigns for nurses on the importance of proper and safe drug administration. It can thus be applied in planning the measures to prevent the recurrence of MAEs after they are reported.
Assunção-Costa, L., Costa de Sousa, I., Alves de Oliveira, M. R., Ribeiro Pinto, C., Machado, J. F. F., Valli, C. G., & de Souza, L. E. P. F. (2022). Drug administration errors in Latin America: A systematic review. Plos one, 17(8), e0272123. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272123
The article examines the frequency and nature of MAEs. The common errors in medication administration identified in the article are wrong time, dose, omission, and administration route. The resource can be helpful to the team that will be involved in implementing the self-reporting program for MAEs. It will help the team to understand what constitutes medication administration errors so that all errors can be recognized and identified. The article is valuable in reducing the risk to patient safety caused by MAEs since it makes providers conscious of errors they may perpetrate when administering medications and identify them when they occur. The resource can enlighten health providers about examples of MAEs to help them understand what events they should report.
Mohammed, T., Mahmud, S., Gintamo, B., Mekuria, Z. N., & Gizaw, Z. (2022). Medication administration errors and associated factors among nurses in Addis Ababa federal hospitals, Ethiopia: a hospital-based cross-sectional study. BMJ open, 12(12), e066531. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066531
The article evaluates the magnitude and factors contributing to MAEs among nurses in federal hospitals. It identifies that MAEs occur in the following ways: wrong patient, wrong medication, wrong dose, wrong route, wrong time, wrong drug preparation, wrong advice, wrong assessment, and wrong documentation. The resource can help the implementation team when educating nurses on the type of MAEs and the incidences they should report. The article is valuable in promoting patient safety since it identifies common causes of MAEs perpetrated by nurses. This can be used to identify evidence-based measures that can be implemented to address the causes of reported MAEs.
Barriers to Self-Reporting
Afaya, A., Konlan, K. D., & Kim Do, H. (2021). Improving patient safety through identifying barriers to reporting medication administration errors among nurses: an integrative review. BMC Health Services Research, 21, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-07187-5
The article identifies and assesses the barriers limiting nurses from reporting MAEs in the hospital setting. It identifies organizational barriers like inadequate reporting systems, management behavior, unclear definition of a medication error, and individual barriers like fear of management/lawsuit and inadequate knowledge of MAE. The resource is valuable to the implementation team in identifying factors that may hinder nurses from reporting errors. The article proposed measures to address the barriers, such as providing an enabling environment without punitive measures and blame. This can be used to encourage nurses in the organization to report MAEs.
Nkurunziza, A., Chironda, G., Mukeshimana, M., Uwamahoro, M. C., Umwangange, M. L., & Ngendahayo, F. (2019). Factors contributing to medication administration errors and barriers to self-reporting among nurses: a review of literature. Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2(3), 294-303. https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v2i3.14
The resource assesses the contributing factors linked to MAEs and barriers to reporting among nurses. It identifies heavy workload as the main factor contributing to MAEs and fear of blame as the main barrier to self-reporting. Thus, the article can help the implementation team understand the primary factors contributing to MAEs and those limiting self-reporting so that they can be addressed before executing the plan. The resource promotes patient safety by recommending that organizations address heavy workloads to decrease MAEs and foster a non-punitive environment to encourage self-reporting of MAEs. It can be applied when identifying measures to reduce the number of reported MAEs and increase voluntary reporting.
Bovis, J. L., Edwin, J. P., Bano, C. P., Tyraskis, A., Baskaran, D., & Karuppaiah, K. (2018). Barriers to staff reporting adverse incidents in NHS hospitals. Future healthcare journal, 5(2), 117–120. https://doi.org/10.7861/futurehosp.5-2-117
The article examines barriers to reporting adverse incidents (AIs). It identified that most providers fail to report AIs because of poor response or failure to receive feedback from previous reports. The resource can help the implementation team understand that giving constructive feedback is crucial once a nurse has reported an MAE. The article found that training and feedback after reporting are two main factors that can improve confidence in and use of AI reporting. The resource can be applied when identifying ways to increase nurses’ confidence in MAE reporting.
Mohamed, M. F., Abubeker, I. Y., Al-Mohanadi, D., Al-Mohammed, A., Abou-Samra, A. B., & Elzouki, A. N. (2021). Perceived Barriers of Incident Reporting Among Internists: Results from Hamad Medical Corporation in Qatar. Avicenna Journal of Medicine, 11(03), 139–144. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1734386
The article examines the practice and identifies the barriers linked to incident reporting among internal medicine physicians. It identifies the main barriers to reporting incidents: unawareness of incidence reporting, the perception that incidence reporting will not contribute to a system change, and the fear of retaliation. The resource will aid the implementation team in understanding barriers that may limit nurses from reporting MAEs. This will guide them in identifying strategies to mitigate these barriers before implementing the plan and encourage error reporting. Besides, the resource can be used when error reporting has declined to establish the likely causes.
Implementing MAE Reporting
Mutair, A. A., Alhumaid, S., Shamsan, A., Zaidi, A. R. Z., Mohaini, M. A., Al Mutairi, A., … & Al-Omari, A. (2021). The effective strategies to avoid medication errors and improving reporting systems. Medicines, 8(9), 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines8090046
The article discusses medication error reporting culture, incidence reporting systems, developing effective reporting methods, analysis of medication error reports, and recommendations to enhance medication error reporting systems. It provides valuable information to the MAE reporting program implementation team on how it can create effective reporting methods and improve reporting of MAEs when executing the plan. Besides, the resource is valuable in reducing MAEs since it recommends that health organizations create an effectual reporting environment for the medication use process. The resource can be used in creating a successful medication error reporting program that is safe for the reporter and includes all providers, leading to constructive and helpful recommendations and effective changes.
Linden-Lahti, C., Takala, A., Holmström, A. R., & Airaksinen, M. (2021). What Severe Medication Errors Reported to Health Care Supervisory Authority Tell About Medication Safety? Journal of patient safety, 17(8), e1179–e1185. https://doi.org/10.1097/PTS.0000000000000914
The study examined reported severe medication errors (MEs) and assessed how incident documentation applies to learning from errors. The resource can provide insights to the implementation team that the reported MEs provide a valuable source of risk information. They should be used for learning and taking action to prevent severe errors in the future. The article is valuable in promoting patient safety since it recommends that organizations take action to improve medication safety and investigate reported errors to prevent recurrence.
Dhamanti, I., Leggat, S., Barraclough, S., & Tjahjono, B. (2019). Patient safety incident reporting in Indonesia: an analysis using World Health Organization characteristics for successful reporting. Risk management and healthcare policy, 331-338. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S222262
The study examined the level to which a patient safety incident reporting system has adhered to the WHO characteristics for successful reporting. The article will provide insights to the MAE reporting program team on the characteristics the hospital reporting system should have to meet the WHO criteria. The article explains the characteristics of an ideal program, including A non-punitive system, confidentiality, timeliness of reporting, expert analysis, system orientation, and responsiveness. Thus, the team should implement these for a successful self-reporting program to promote patient safety.
Woo, M. W. J., & Avery, M. J. (2021). Nurses’ experiences in voluntary error reporting: An integrative literature review. International journal of nursing sciences, 8(4), 453–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2021.07.004
The article examines nurses’ experiences with voluntary error reporting (VER) and the factors influencing their decision to participate in VER. It establishes that institutional efforts are crucial towards improving nurses’ recognition, reception, and contribution towards voluntary error reporting. The article can help the organization understand the measures it should take to encourage nurses and providers to report medication errors voluntarily. Nurse leaders can use this article tool to prioritize and invest in measures to improve existing organizational error management approaches and establish a just and open patient safety culture. This will promote a positive experience among nurses towards error reporting.
Conclusion
The annotated bibliography examines peer-reviewed articles focusing on MAEs. The articles discuss common MAEs, factors contributing to MAEs, barriers to self-reporting errors, and factors promoting successful self-reporting programs in hospital settings. The resources are valuable to the implementation team for the proposed self-reporting program for MAEs since they provide insights into the barriers they may face, how to address them, and how to foster the program’s success.
 
References
Afaya, A., Konlan, K. D., & Kim Do, H. (2021). Improving patient safety through identifying barriers to reporting medication administration errors among nurses: an integrative review. BMC Health Services Research, 21, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-07187-5
Assunção-Costa, L., Costa de Sousa, I., Alves de Oliveira, M. R., Ribeiro Pinto, C., Machado, J. F. F., Valli, C. G., & de Souza, L. E. P. F. (2022). Drug administration errors in Latin America: A systematic review. Plos one, 17(8), e0272123. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272123
Bovis, J. L., Edwin, J. P., Bano, C. P., Tyraskis, A., Baskaran, D., & Karuppaiah, K. (2018). Barriers to staff reporting adverse incidents in NHS hospitals. Future healthcare journal, 5(2), 117–120. https://doi.org/10.7861/futurehosp.5-2-117
Dhamanti, I., Leggat, S., Barraclough, S., & Tjahjono, B. (2019). Patient safety incident reporting in Indonesia: an analysis using World Health Organization characteristics for successful reporting. Risk management and healthcare policy, 331-338. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S222262
Linden-Lahti, C., Takala, A., Holmström, A. R., & Airaksinen, M. (2021). What Severe Medication Errors Reported to Health Care Supervisory Authority Tell About Medication Safety? Journal of patient safety, 17(8), e1179–e1185. https://doi.org/10.1097/PTS.0000000000000914
Mohamed, M. F., Abubeker, I. Y., Al-Mohanadi, D., Al-Mohammed, A., Abou-Samra, A. B., & Elzouki, A. N. (2021). Perceived Barriers of Incident Reporting Among Internists: Results from Hamad Medical Corporation in Qatar. Avicenna Journal of Medicine, 11(03), 139–144. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1734386
Mohammed, T., Mahmud, S., Gintamo, B., Mekuria, Z. N., & Gizaw, Z. (2022). Medication administration errors and associated factors among nurses in Addis Ababa federal hospitals, Ethiopia: a hospital-based cross-sectional study. BMJ open, 12(12), e066531. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066531
Mutair, A. A., Alhumaid, S., Shamsan, A., Zaidi, A. R. Z., Mohaini, M. A., Al Mutairi, A., … & Al-Omari, A. (2021). The effective strategies to avoid medication errors and improving reporting systems. Medicines, 8(9), 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines8090046
Nkurunziza, A., Chironda, G., Mukeshimana, M., Uwamahoro, M. C., Umwangange, M. L., & Ngendahayo, F. (2019). Factors contributing to medication administration errors and barriers to self-reporting among nurses: a review of literature. Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2(3), 294-303. https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v2i3.14
Wondmieneh, A., Alemu, W., Tadele, N., & Demis, A. (2020). Medication administration errors and contributing factors among nurses: a cross-sectional study in tertiary hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Nursing, 19, 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-020-0397-0
Woo, M. W. J., & Avery, M. J. (2021). Nurses’ experiences in voluntary error reporting: An integrative literature review. International journal of nursing sciences, 8(4), 453–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2021.07.004
Yousef, A. M., Abu-Farha, R. K., & Abu-Hammour, K. M. (2021). Detection of medication administration errors at a tertiary hospital using a direct observation approach. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 17(3), 433–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.08.015

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Assessment 4: Improvement Plan Tool Kit NURS-FPX4020

For this assessment, you will develop a Word document or an online resource repository of at least 12 annotated professional or scholarly resources that you consider critical for the audience of your safety improvement plan, pertaining to medication administration, to understand or implement to ensure the success of the plan.

Communication in the health care environment consists of an information-sharing experience whether through oral or written messages (Chard & Makary, 2015). As health care organizations and nurses strive to create a culture of safety and quality care, the importance of interprofessional collaboration, the development of tool kits, and the use of wikis become more relevant and vital. In addition to the dissemination of information and evidence-based findings and the development of tool kits, continuous support for and availability of such resources are critical. Among the most popular methods to promote ongoing dialogue and information sharing are blogs, wikis, websites, and social media. Nurses know how to support people in time of need or crisis and how to support one another in the workplace; wikis in particular enable nurses to continue that support beyond the work environment. Here they can be free to share their unique perspectives, educate others, and promote health care wellness at local and global levels (Kaminski, 2016).

You are encouraged to complete the Determining the Relevance and Usefulness of Resources activity prior to developing the repository. This activity will help you determine which resources or research will be most relevant to address a particular need. This may be useful as you consider how to explain the purpose and relevance of the resources you are assembling for your tool kit. The activity is for your own practice and self-assessment, and demonstrates course engagement.

assessment 4: improvement plan tool kit nurs-fpx4020

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Demonstration of Proficiency

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:

Competency 1: Analyze the elements of a successful quality improvement initiative.

Analyze usefulness of resources for role group responsible for implementing quality and safety improvements with medication administration.

Competency 2: Analyze factors that lead to patient safety risks.

Analyze the value of resources to reduce patient safety risk or improve quality with medication administration.

Competency 3: Identify organizational interventions to promote patient safety.

Identify necessary resources to support the implementation and sustainability of a safety improvement initiative focusing on medication administration.

Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly, evidence-based strategies to communicate in a manner that supports safe and effective patient care.

Present reasons and relevant situations for resource tool kit to be used by its target audience.

Communicate resource tool kit in a clear, logically structured, and professional manner that applies current APA style and formatting.

References

Chard, R., & Makary, M. A. (2015). Transfer-of-care communication: Nursing best practices. AORN Journal, 102(4), 329–342.

Kaminski, J. (2016). Why all nurses can/should be authors. Canadian Journal of Nursing Informatics, 11(4), 1–7.

Professional Context

Nurses are often asked to implement processes, concepts, or practices—sometimes with little preparatory communication or education. One way to encourage sustainability of quality and process improvements is to assemble an accessible, user-friendly tool kit for knowledge and process documentation. Creating a resource repository or tool kit is also an excellent way to follow up an educational or in-service session, as it can help to reinforce attendees’ new knowledge as well as the understanding of its value. By practicing creating a simple online tool kit, you can develop valuable technology skills to improve your competence and efficacy. This technology is easy to use, and resources are available to guide you.

Scenario

For this assessment, consider taking one of these two approaches:

Build on the work done in your first three assessments and create an online tool kit or resource repository that will help the audience of your in-service understand the research behind your safety improvement plan pertaining to medication administration and put the plan into action.

Locate a safety improvement plan (your current organization, the Institution for Healthcare Improvement, or a publicly available safety improvement initiative) pertaining to medication administration and create an online tool kit or resource repository that will help an audience understand the research behind the safety improvement plan and how to put the plan into action.

Thank you for submitting your last assessment. You made a good attempt at addressing the scoring guide criteria and creating a Word document resource tool kit pertaining to medication administration errors; however there was some information missing from this assessment. Remember this is a tool kit of resources for your Safety Improvement Plan not just an annotated bibliography. The goal is to find 12 current resources that support your Safety Improvement plan. Make sure to not only summarize the article but to analyze the value and usefulness of the article in how it relates to your Safety Improvement plan. Please review the scoring guide feedback below along with highlighted area on your paper along with annotated notes.

I recommend reviewing the instructions and scoring guide again for the assessment and organize your paper specific to the scoring guide to ensure that you meet the requirements of the assessment. Below the scenario in the Assessment 4 instructions there is a great guideline for required material that you can follow to organize your toolkit along with a great sample took kit.

If you choose to resubmit this assessment to obtain a higher proficiency, please highlight your revisions or new content in yellow so that I can capture the enhancements in your work.

Let me know if you have any questions. I am happy to meet and discuss via zoom if needed.

Preparation

Google Sites is recommended for this assessment; the tools are free to use and should offer you a blend of flexibility and simplicity as you create your online tool kit. Please note that this requires a Google account; use your Gmail or GoogleDocs login, or create an account following the directions under the “Create Account” menu.

Refer to the following links to help you get started with Google Sites:

G Suite Learning Center. (n.d.). Get started with Sites. https://gsuite.google.com/learning-center/products/sites/get-started/#!/

Google. (n.d.). Sites. https://sites.google.com

Google. (n.d.). Sites help. https://support.google.com/sites/?hl=en#topic=

Instructions

Using Google Sites, assemble an online resource tool kit containing at least 12 annotated resources that you consider critical to the success of your safety improvement initiative. These resources should enable nurses and others to implement and maintain the safety improvement you have developed.

It is recommended that you focus on the 3 or 4 most critical categories or themes with respect to your safety improvement initiative pertaining to medication administration. For example, for an initiative that concerns improving workplace safety for practitioners, you might choose broad themes such as general organizational safety and quality best practices; environmental safety and quality risks; individual strategies to improve personal and team safety; and process best practices for reporting and improving environmental safety issues.

Following the recommended scheme, you would collect 3 resources on average for each of the 4 categories focusing on safety with medication administration. Each resource listing should include the following:

An APA-formatted citation of the resource with a working link.

A description of the information, skills, or tools provided by the resource.

A brief explanation of how the resource can help nurses better understand or implement the safety improvement initiative pertaining to medication administration.

A description of how nurses can use this resource and when its use may be appropriate.

Remember that you must make your site ‘public’ so that your faculty can access it. Check out the Google Sites resources for more information.

Here is an example entry:

Merret, A., Thomas, P., Stephens, A., Moghabghab, R., & Gruneir, M. (2011). A collaborative approach to fall prevention. Canadian Nurse, 107(8), 24–29.

This article presents the Geriatric Emergency Management-Falls Intervention Team (GEM-FIT) project. It shows how a collaborative nurse lead project can be implemented and used to improve collaboration and interdisciplinary teamwork, as well as improve the delivery of health care services. This resource is likely more useful to nurses as a resource for strategies and models for assembling and participating in an interdisciplinary team than for specific fall-prevention strategies. It is suggested that this resource be reviewed prior to creating an interdisciplinary team for a collaborative project in a health care setting.

Additionally, be sure that your plan addresses the following, which corresponds to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. Please study the scoring guide carefully so you understand what is needed for a distinguished score.

Identify necessary resources to support the implementation and continued sustainability of a safety improvement initiative pertaining to medication administration.

Analyze the usefulness of resources to the role group responsible for implementing quality and safety improvements focusing on medication administration.

Analyze the value of resources to reduce patient safety risk related to medication administration.Present reasons and relevant situations for use of resource tool kit by its target audience.

Communicate in a clear, logically structured, and professional manner that applies current APA style and formatting.

Example Assessment: You may use the following example to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like but keep in mind that your tool kit will focus on promoting safety with medication administration. Note that you do not have to submit your bibliography in addition to the Google Site; the example bibliography is merely for your reference.

Assessment 4 Example [PDF].

To submit your online tool kit assessment, paste the link to your Google Site in the assessment submission box.

Example Google Site: You may use the example Google Site, Resources for Safety and Improvement Measures in Geropsychiatric Care, to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like for this assessment but keep in mind that your tool kit will focus on promoting safety with medication administration.

Note: If you experience technical or other challenges in completing this assessment, please contact your faculty member.

Additional Requirements

APA formatting: References and citations are formatted according to current APA style

Improvement Plan Tool Kit Scoring Guide

Criteria Non-performance Basic Proficient Distinguished
Identify necessary resources to support the implementation and sustainability of a safety improvement initiative focusing on medication administration. Does not identify necessary resources to support the implementation and sustainability of a safety improvement initiative focusing on medication administration. Identifies resources, but the necessity or support for the safety improvement initiative focusing on medication administration is unclear. Identifies necessary resources to support the implementation and sustainability of a safety improvement initiative focusing on medication administration. Identifies necessary resources to support the implementation and sustainability of a safety improvement initiative focusing on medication administration. Organizes resources logically for ease of use.
Analyze usefulness of resources for role group responsible for implementing quality and safety improvements with medication administration. Does not analyze usefulness of resources for role group responsible for implementing quality and safety improvements with medication administration. Summarizes but does not analyze usefulness of resources for role group responsible for implementing quality and safety improvements with medication administration. Analyzes usefulness of resources for role group responsible for implementing quality and safety improvements with medication administration. Analyzes usefulness of resources for role group responsible for implementing quality and safety improvements with medication administration. Provides specific examples of utility in the context of a specific health care setting.
Analyze the value of resources to reduce patient safety risk or improve quality with medication administration. Does not analyze the value of resources to reduce patient safety risk or improve quality with medication administration. Describes resources to reduce patient safety risk or improve quality with medication administration. Analyzes the value of resources to reduce patient safety risk or improve quality with medication administration. Analyzes the value of resources to reduce patient safety risk or improve quality, identifying those that may be most valuable for reducing patient safety risk or improving quality with medication administration.
Present reasons and relevant situations for resource tool kit use by its target audience. Does not present reasons and relevant situations for resource tool kit use by its target audience. Lists reasons or situations for resource tool kit use, but they are not compelling or their relevance to the target audience is unclear. Presents reasons and relevant situations for resource tool kit use by its target audience. Uses persuasive, engaging language to present compelling reasons and relevant situations for resource tool kit use by its target audience.
Communicate resource tool kit in a clear, logically structured, and professional manner that applies current APA style and formatting. Communicates a resource tool kit in an unclear, illogically structured, and unprofessional manner that does not apply current APA style and formatting and contains many errors and/or incorrect citations. Communicates online resource kit using a Word Doc or Google Sites in an unclear and disorganized structure and unprofessional manner that minimally follows APA style and formatting. Communicates resource tool kit in a Word doc in a clear, logically structured, and professional manner that applies partially follows APA style and formatting. Communicates online resource tool kit using a Google Sites in a clear and organized structure, and professional manner that applies nearly flawless, current APA style and formatting throughout.